Tuesday, November 15, 2016

Surrogacy: Why Wealthy Chinese Couples Seek Americans To Be Surrogates

 

There is an increasing demand for American surrogates as Chinese singles, gays and couples look at this as the only way for them to have male children to go around the one-child policy or to finally make it to the Unites States as an immigrant.
(Photo : Ethan Miller/Getty Images)

Some American states have banned commercial surrogacy but this has not stopped wealthy Chinese citizens, single or gay individuals or even infertile couples, to turn to American surrogates. And those looking for surrogates in the Unites States are flocking in California, thanks to the state’s favorable laws and reliable physicians.

Dianna Barindelli of Modesto, California already has two young daughters but has agreed to become a surrogate first in 2012 because she still wanted to get pregnant. She belongs to an exclusive surrogate agency in Encino known as the Center for Surrogate Parenting. She became a surrogate for a Chinese couple again in 2014 and recently to a Taiwanese couple, according to Hollywood Reporter.

The rising demand for surrogates has been blamed on China’s one-child policy, which forced wealthy Chinese couples to turn to foreign surrogates so they could still spawn male children while circumventing the policy. In January this year, China changed tactics and implemented a two-child policy to save the country and the economy from its aging population but while it initially banned surrogates, ConceiveAbilities said the main law-making body of China reversed this prohibition draft but unfortunately, it is still in effect as implemented by the Health Ministry.

Foreign surrogacy has proven to be a big business as it can cost as much as $120,000 but wealthy Chinese are willing to pay the price to be able to conceive a child who would be entitled to a U.S. citizenship. Reuters said it is actually an investment for Chinese families who dream of someday immigrating to the United States when their children turn 21 and become eligible to get Green Cards for them.

Even though there is no actual data on the rising demand of Chinese for American surrogates, this is evident with the decision of fertility and surrogacy clinics and agencies in the U.S. to employ people who can speak Mandarin and to include Chinese translations for their websites. John Weltman, president of the Circle Surrogacy in Boston said they have handled six surrogacy cases for the Chinese in the past five years and expect this to double in the next months.

By lovely carillo, Parent Herald- Read More Here- http://ift.tt/2gfpfyV

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Wednesday, October 26, 2016

Why single men could get babies through surrogacy

Single men have a chance to raise children from surrogate mothers if a new proposal by the World Health Organization (WHO) is ratified. The proposed amendments to the current definition of infertility to include ‘singles’ seek to give every person who desires a family the right to have a child regardless of whether they have health challenges that cause infertility or just do not have or want a partner to sire a child with.

As reported by The Daily Telegraph, this means a single man or woman, a gay couple, heterosexual men and women will all be able to seek the services of a surrogate mother or in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) if the proposal becomes law. Infertility will also encompass relationships that cannot result in an offspring, mainly the gay community, according to the new definition. This means by virtue of being single, one is categorised as a disabled person on grounds of infertility as one does not have a partner to sire a child with. But John Ong’ech, a reproductive specialist, said Kenya was not necessarily obligated to adopt everything WHO comes up with. “We issue IVF and propose surrogacy according to couples’ needs in relation to their infertility challenges,” said Dr Ong’ech.
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Thursday, October 20, 2016

56-year-old surrogate shocks everyone by giving birth to triplet girls

Jaci is 56 years old and she was tired of seeing her daughter struggle with fertility, so she volunteered to be her surrogate.  She was shocked when she did become pregnant, but even more surprising was giving birth to triplets!

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Wednesday, October 5, 2016

Gay couple’s triplets have DNA from BOTH their dads in amazing IVF pregnancy

Two fathers have each transmitted their genetic material to their children in a rare IVF pregnancy.

Justin Ruehs and his husband Adam Smeets, who live in Chicago, Illinois, became parents earlier this year.

They had spent four years trying to start a family and finally welcomed triplets. But in an odd-defying IVF process, embryos from both Ruehs and Smeets were implanted successfully.

This means their surrogate delivered not a traditional set of triplets, but twin girls and a baby boy.

Justin Ruehs (left) and his husband Adam Smeets, of Chicago, Illinois, became parents to triplets this summer - and each shared their DNA with their children

In an odd-defying IVF pregnancy, embryos with DNA from each father were implanted successfully. They welcomed identical twin girls and a boy (all three babies are pictured)

In an odd-defying IVF pregnancy, embryos with DNA from each father were implanted successfully. They welcomed identical twin girls and a boy (all three babies are pictured)

Emmett, the couple’s son, has Smeets’ DNA while the girls, Harper and Collins, share Ruehs’, CBS Chicago reported.

The babies were born in June and turned three months old this week.

Gay couples in Ruehs and Smeets’ situation typically have just one biological father.

Two fathers have each transmitted their genetic material to their children in a rare IVF pregnancy.

Justin Ruehs and his husband Adam Smeets, who live in Chicago, Illinois, became parents earlier this year.

They had spent four years trying to start a family and finally welcomed triplets. But in an odd-defying IVF process, embryos from both Ruehs and Smeets were implanted successfully.

This means their surrogate delivered not a traditional set of triplets, but twin girls and a baby boy.

Some couples choose to have a surrogate who will be artificially inseminated with the biological father’s sperm.

Others elect to do an IVF first using eggs from a donor, then to implant the resulting embryos into the surrogate’s uterus.

The babies (pictured) were born in June and turned three months old this week. It took four years and several attempts for Ruehs and Smeets to become parents

The two fathers (pictured right) were both able to take leave to take care of their three babies, who were born 35 weeks into the pregnancy and just turned three months old

The two fathers (pictured right) were both able to take leave to take care of their three babies, who were born 35 weeks into the pregnancy and just turned three months old

Ruehs and Smeets named their son Emmett and their twin girls Harper and Collins. All three babies are pictured next to the family's dog

Ruehs and Smeets named their son Emmett and their twin girls Harper and Collins. All three babies are pictured next to the family’s dog

Smeets and Ruehs, who met online, went through five IVF transfers, one miscarriage and worked with three surrogates before their successful triplet pregnancy.

For this last pregnancy, they had two embryos transferred to the surrogate’s uterus after being told that the odds of a successful implantation were 50 per cent.

‘The technician told us that we had three heartbeats and embryo A had split into twins!’ Ruehs told Gay Times.

‘Out loud I said, “What do you mean there are three? We only put in two?” After the initial surprise wore off we were elated and thankful that we were pregnant.’

A South African couple, Theo and Christo Menelaou, had a similar experience this summer.

They too had three babies, including identical twins, after both providing sperm to fertilize the eggs, the New York Daily News reported.

Ruehs and Smeets have both managed to take leave from work to take care of their triplets, who were born 35 weeks into the pregnancy.

They will return to work soon.

‘We represent that gay couples have families, and families are not defined as just one thing or another,’ Smeets said. ‘It comes in many different shapes and sizes, too.’

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Thursday, September 29, 2016

Baby joy for mother with no womb- thanks to loving family

A WOMAN born without a womb has become a mum thanks to her sister offering to be a surrogate and her parents paying for IVF treatment.

Faye Richards, 31, from Hereford, was born with a condition called Mayer Rokitansky Küster Hauser syndrome which meant she could never carry a child.

As her husband Tony, 41, a decorator, had three children from a previous relationship the couple knew they would have to pay thousands for private IVF and surrogacy expenses to become parents together.

Faye’s younger sister Kim Thomas, 28, stepped up as an IVF surrogate – and her parents Dave, 66, a plasterer, and June, 58, a nurse, offered to foot the £22,000 bill for private treatment.

Faye said: “Kim and I were always close, but when she offered to be my surrogate I was staggered.

“It was the most generous offer she could have made, when my parents gave us the funds to make it happen our dream of being parents was finally within reach.”

screen-shot-2016-09-26-at-12-58-27-pm

Kim, a health care assistant who is mum to six-year-old Harry, added: “Being a mum was so important to Faye I knew I’d do anything to make it happen. I know she would have done the same for me.”

After two unsuccessful rounds of IVF with Faye’s eggs and Tony’s sperm, Kim – who is engaged to partner Jason Baginski – fell pregnant on her third attempt. Baby Ralphie was born in May.

Faye, who works in mental health, added: “Every time I look at my son I feel so lucky my family helped me have him.

“When Ralphie’s older I’ll tell him that we wanted him so much his Auntie Kim and Grandma and Grandpa stepped in to make it happen.”

Faye was diagnosed with MRKH and polycystic ovaries at Hereford County Hospital aged 19 when her periods still hadn’t started.

She said: “Put simply, I was born without a womb. I have ovaries and produce eggs, but have no Fallopian tubes or uterus so will never carry a child.

“It was devastating. Even as a teenager I knew I wanted to be a mum someday.”

In January 2011, Faye started dating dad of three, Tony. They discussed having children together through an IVF surrogate – meaning Faye’s eggs would be fertilised by Tony’s sperm and implanted in a surrogate womb.

But in December 2012 they were refused IVF surrogacy on the NHS as Tony was already a dad.

Faye said: “We knew private surrogacy would cost thousands in expenses on top of the £6,000 quoted per round of IVF. There was no way we could afford it.”

That month the couple got engaged and Faye asked her sister to be her bridesmaid. Then in June 2013 Kim made the huge decision to offer her womb as a surrogate for her sister.

What’s more, June and Dave offered to lend Tony and Faye money to pay for IVF.

June said: “We used our savings but there was nothing more we wanted to spend that money on.

“Tony promised to pay back every penny, but we told him we’re in no rush to see that money.

“It was our first present to our grandchild.”

Now, Kim and Jason plan to get married next year, and Faye said she can’t wait to attend the ceremony with her husband and son.

Kim said: “Faye kept asking how I was feeling. I told her I felt like I’d just carried my nephew so my sister could be a mum.”

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Tuesday, September 27, 2016

Uterine cancer victim searches for surrogate mother

‘I’ve always held on to hope’: Cancer survivor who had a hysterectomy at 25 opens up on her search for a surrogate mother to carry her children

  • Venera Wilson lost her uterus and ovaries to cancer at just 25 years old 
  • She froze her eggs before the hysterectomy in the hope of having children 
  • Her partner of nine months agreed to fertilize the eggs for her
  • Five years after the hysterectomy they still have not found a surrogate  

 

A woman who lost her uterus and ovaries to cancer when she was just 25 has spoken of her quest to become a mum.

Venera Wilson, now 30, from Sydney, NSW, lost all chance of becoming pregnant after a hysterectomy to remove an aggressive uterine cancer five years ago.

Determined to be a mother, Mrs Wilson froze four fertilized embryos before the procedure in the hope she would find a surrogate to one day carry her children.

Determined: Venera Wilson (right) and her husband Dan (left) are determined to find a surrogate mother so they can have children

 

Five years since she lost her uterus, Mrs Wilson and her husband have decided the time is right to try for kids.

The decision has been brewing since 2012, when husband Dan agreed on the spot to help his partner have children – despite only having known her for nine months at the time.

‘We had been together for nine months and he was in the navy, which meant it took a lot of effort to keep our relationship going and we got quite serious quite quickly,’ Mrs Wilson told Daily Mail Australia.

 

‘Saying that, I was still surprised when I went to see the IVF consultant and he [Dan] agreed on the spot to help me out with the embryos.

‘I was beyond belief that he would do that for me. Wow. Dan decided that if the worst came to it and we split up, he was still prepared to be a donor.’

At the time the fertilized embryos had a 50 per cent chance of pregnancy success, while freezing unfertilized eggs had a success rate of just five per cent.

'Extremely positive': Mrs Wilson said she was blown away when her husband Dan offered to help in her search for a surrogate

Mrs Wilson’s battle with uterine cancer began at the unusually young age of 23.

‘When I was diagnosed at 23 we were under the impression that it was a hormonal cancer and quite stable,’ she said.

‘My case was quite unique. It doesn’t usually happen to people my age. The doctors figured I could find someone, have a child and then have a hysterectomy.

‘This was the case for about a year and a half then, all of a sudden, it was like the cancer woke up.

‘It was a huge shock. I remember yelling hysterically at the doctors that I didn’t want the hysterectomy.

‘I didn’t really understand at the time that if I didn’t get it, I wouldn’t be here right now.’

Overwhelmed: The support and kindness and her family and friends has been incredible, Mrs Wilson said

Well aware that finding a surrogate mother would be an arduous process, Mrs Wilson and her partner recently decided the time was right to begin their search. 

‘The thought of finding a surrogate was starting to really get me down, but Daniel said I should go ahead and put it out there,’ Mrs Wilson said.

‘Half of my friends didn’t even know I was going through this. But the response has been extremely positive and helpful.’

After posting her story on Facebook, a number of kind-hearted strangers had been in touch to offer support, she said.

‘I’m quite overwhelmed with it all. I’ve read that people do this, but it’s usually a family or a friend. These are complete strangers.’

Australia’s restrictive surrogacy laws had made the process extremely difficult so far, she said.

However, she was confident that she would eventually fulfil her dream of one day becoming a mother.

‘I’ve always held on to hope because I thought that if I didn’t everything would crumble.

‘I’ve got four embryos. It’s not like I’ve got nothing.’

Article By By STEVEN TRASK FOR DAILY MAIL AUSTRALIA– Read more: http://ift.tt/2dwTXiF

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Thursday, September 22, 2016

These Sweet Birth Photos Show There’s No ‘Right Way’ To Become A Family

Johan Holmgren, 42, and Jakob Bruntse, 41, longed for years to become parents, but they weren’t sure it would ever happen for them.

“I’ve sort of wanted to become a dad as far back as I can remember, but I almost gave up the dream when I realized that I was gay,” Bruntse wrote in an e-mail to The Huffington Post. “Fortunately, I fell in love with Johan who didn’t only share my dream; he was determined to make it come true.”

The couple eventually settled on a plan of building their family by using a surrogate. They worked with an agency in the United States, as surrogacy is discouraged in their home country of Sweden. After a year-long search to find their perfect match ― Alexandra Burns, 24 ― followed by a devastating miscarriage, the thrilled fathers finally welcomed their baby girl, Ellen, into the world last month.

Kansas-based birth and family photographer Tammy Schmit of Little Leapling Photography was on hand for the birth (as well as pregnancy and newborn sessions), and the emotional images she captured are proof that there are many ways to become a family. Congrats, all!

  • Johan (right): We talked loosely about becoming parents for years, but we really started getting serious about our options about five years ago. A couple we are friends with had two babies with a surrogate in the United States, which inspired us.

    Jakob (left): We contacted an agency that helped connect us with our wonderful surrogate. It took almost a year to get the perfect match. She is not the biological mother. We used an egg donor from Kentucky. We now know her well, and keep in touch.

  • Johan: Before the birth, I was super excited, almost ecstatic. And, to be honest, I was quite nervous, too.

    Jakob: I was surprised it was so un-dramatic. In movies, births are often panicked situations, with all of this extreme pain, and screaming and doctors and nurses running everywhere. Of course, it was far from painless for our surrogate, but she was so calm.

  • Alexandra: Johan and Jakob were wonderful. They were trying to make sure I was comfortable, but I told them that of course they should be in the room and close to me. There was no way I was not going to have them in there while I had their baby.

    I had hoped to give birth without pain medication, but it was just too much for me. Before I got the epidural, there was a moment where I was freaking out, and I did have them leave for a little bit. I was overwhelmed. But as soon as it was time to push, I wanted them there.

  • Johan: She was amazing. She actually calmed us both down. At one point, she jokingly said to the doctor: “This one knows what he’s doing,” pointing to Jakob. And then, pointing to me she said: “This one might faint.” She was right!
  • Alexandra: The pregnancy was hard. I had really bad morning sickness to the point where I couldn’t even really eat for a while. But the birth was so easy — easier than the births of my own children. Once I got the epidural, I was able to rest. I fell asleep. When the doctor came to check me and told me it was time, I was like, “Really? I’m not ready. I was taking a nap!” Johan was standing behind me, maybe a little more freaked out about the stuff that was going on. But Jakob grabbed one of my legs. He was right there.
  • Jakob: I can’t really pinpoint any one detail from the birth, but I do remember the whole day so vividly. It’s almost like I can rewind the whole thing and play it again in my head. I do clearly remember when I saw the top of our daughter’s head appearing. I think that was the moment I truly understood that she was here, for real.
  • Johan: I clearly remember our daughter’s first cry. It came seconds after she came out — at the same moment when I started to cry!
  • Johan: I couldn’t believe that she was finally here after all the years we’d spent longing for her.
  • Alexandra: I’ve wanted to be a surrogate for a while, but I’d been told I had to wait until I was done having my own kids. My daughter is 5 and my son is 2, and they understood what I was doing. My son wasn’t that happy with the idea of me having another baby, but my daughter adored her before she was born.
  • Alexandra: My interest in becoming a surrogate came from my ex-stepmom. She had breast cancer and before she started treatment, she froze some of her eggs. Even after she beat it, they told her there was a chance she wouldn’t be able to conceive, so I offered to be her surrogate if she wanted. She said she was really grateful, but she really wanted to carry her own child if she could, which I completely understand. But it made me think, like, if I can’t do it for her, I can do it for someone else.
  • Johan: In Sweden, we generally like to think of ourselves as super progressive and open-minded, but when it comes to the different ways of becoming parents, the United States is in the lead in many ways. Imagine, surrogacy is still not possible where we are from!
  • Jakob: We have experienced such openness and kindness here. I’m already looking forward to traveling back here with our daughter when she’s older to visit the woman who carried her for nine months.
  • Alexandra: The first transfer we tried resulted in a miscarriage at seven weeks, and it was awful. I remember telling the fertility clinic because I didn’t know how to tell the guys. It was sad, and I was worried they’d blame me or something. Of course, they didn’t at all. I’m so happy we tried again, and that it worked.
  • Alexandra: I loved being a surrogate. I did tell the guys that if they wanted to try for another baby, I would for sure do it.
  • Jakob: I don’t know if I dare say it, but life with a newborn has been surprisingly easy so far. She is so calm and seems to be in a good mood all the time. We might not be getting the sleep we’re used to, but getting out of bed in the middle of the night to make her happy is no problem at all. We almost compete to be the first to get to her!
  • Jakob: We have both totally fallen in love with this little girl.

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Tuesday, September 20, 2016

Women who obtain baby through surrogacy entitled to maternity leave

In a welcome move, Bombay High Court recently directed maternity leave to be granted to a woman who had attained motherhood through surrogacy.

The Bench, comprising Justice Anoop V. Mohta and Justice G.S. Kulkarni observed, “Having considered even Rule 551 (C) and (E) of Child Adoption Leave and Rules, we find that a case is made out for grant of interim relief in terms of prayer clause (b) as there is nothing in rule 551 (C) and (E) as referred above, which would disentitle maternity leave to a women who has attained motherhood through surrogacy procedure.”

Accordingly, the Court directed the Central Railway to grant 180 days maternity leave to its woman employee.

The petitioner had given birth to twins through the procedure of surrogacy and thereafter applied for Maternity Leave relying on Rule 551(C) of the Indian Railway Establishment Board. The application was however rejected on the ground that the petitioner, before entering into an agreement of surrogacy, did not take permission of the Railway Board.

The Counsel for the petitioner, Sandeep Shinde and Tanya Goswami had brought to the notice of the Court a Division Bench judgment of Nagpur Bench of Bombay High Court in the case of Dr. Mrs. Hema Vijay Menon v. State of Maharashtra & Ors.,Writ Petition No.3288 of 2015, where it was specifically observed, “A woman cannot be discriminated, as far as maternity benefits are concerned, only on the ground that she has obtained the baby through surrogacy. Though the petitioner did not give birth to the child, the child was placed in the secured hands of the petitioner as soon as it was born. A newly born child cannot be left at the mercy of others.

A maternity leave to the commissioning mother like the petitioner would be necessary. A newly born child needs rearing and that is the most crucial period during which the child requires the care and attention of his mother. There is a tremendous amount of learning that takes place in the first year of the baby’s life, the baby learns a lot too. Also, the bond of affection has to be developed. A mother, as already stated hereinabove, would include a commissioning mother or a mother securing a child through surrogacy. Any other interpretation would result in frustrating the object of providing maternity leave to a mother, who has begotten the child.”

Agreeing with the Petitioner, the Court granted the relief and posted the matter for disposal on March 11.

Last year, Kerala High Court had delivered a similar ruling, observing that women employees cannot be discriminated against for maternity benefits, solely on the ground that they obtained the baby through surrogacy. Justice Dama Seshadri Naidu had considered the dichotomy of maternity- pre and post natal. He had upheld the proposition, and observed, “From day one after the delivery, the petitioner is required to be treated as the mother with a newborn baby. Thus, without discriminating, it can be held that the petitioner is entitled to all the benefits that accrue to an employee after the delivery, as have been provided under the Act or the Staff Rules. Nothing more; nothing less, for the petitioner cannot compel the employer to place her on a higher pedestal than a natural mother could have been placed, after undergoing the pregnancy.”
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Friday, August 12, 2016

U. S. Surrogacy Laws Expected To Change, But The Battle Has Not Been Won Yet

New York surrogacy laws are up for revamp, following the efforts of a Manhattan senator who chose California surrogacy for the surrogate-friendly laws. Go to CaliforniaSurrogacy.org or call (310) 359-9640 for info on becoming a surrogate or intended parent in California.

San Francisco, United States of America – August 12, 2016 /PressCable/ —

California’s favorable surrogacy laws may soon spread across the nation. The Golden State is known as one of the most progressive areas in the country for people hoping to expand their families via surrogacy. Unlike other parts of the country, intended parents have the ability to establish parental rights before a baby is born and contracts can be written that protect both the intended parents and the gestational surrogate.

To learn more about the surrogacy process, call (310) 359-9640 or visit CaliforniaSurrogacy.org.

California is a popular destination for intended parents, drawing people from other parts country and across the globe. While numerous countries have been cracking down on the practice, such as Australia, India, Mexico, and Thailand, California has revamped its laws to make the surrogacy process safer for everyone. In America, each state sets its own guidelines. Arizona has a law that makes “surrogate parent contracts” illegal and, in Indiana, they’re deemed “void and unenforceable.” Washington D.C. has some of the strictest laws in the U.S., which includes fines of as much as $10,000 or prison time for anyone who attempts to enter into a written agreement.

New York’s laws are unique in that they do not outright ban surrogacy, nor does the state have any rules against contracts. However, any form of commercial surrogacy is completely forbidden. Individuals, agencies, and lawyers who become involved could face legal consequences. On the other hand, New York does allow “compassionate surrogacy,” in which the gestational carrier does not receive any compensation. Despite this, there are no laws on the books that protect the rights of intended parents. The gestational carrier is the legal mother of the child, even if she has no biological ties to him. To further complicate things, the state also assumes the woman’s husband is the father of the baby, even in cases of surrogacy. Intended parents must either petition the courts for rights and prove they have a biological relationship to the child or go through the court system as an adoption.

Visit CaliforniaSurrogacy.org or call (310) 359-9640 to register as an intended parent or to become a gestational surrogate in California.

New York’s laws may be revamped, in order to make them more like California’s, as well as more friendly for those in gay marriages. The bill that might change it all was introduced by Senator Brad Hoylman and is known as the “Child-Parent Security Act.” It’s a cause that’s dear to Hoylman, as his own daughter was born with the help of a California surrogate. Back in 2014, he and his husband David Segal remarked about what a magical experience the birth was, with both fathers being present to hold the baby and cut the cord. This moment could not have happened in New York, and still could not, based on the laws today.

The New York Post recently revealed insider information that could be a total game changer. “The governor’s Task Force on Life and the Law is quietly looking at lifting the prohibition,” the news agency said. Although this is the early stages, experts believe that New York’s change in stance could be the start of a trend, with more states updating their laws to accommodate the needs of their citizens.

About California Surrogate Agency

California Surrogate Agency is dedicated to helping families grow and takes great pride in ensuring intended parents and gestational carriers find their ideal matches.

For more information, visit CaliforniaSurrogacy.org or call (310) 359-9640 today.

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Contact Info:
Name: California Surrogate Agency
Organization: California Surrogate Agency
Phone: 310-359-9640

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Thursday, August 11, 2016

Legal implications of surrogacy

My partner and I cannot have a child naturally and want to consider surrogacy. What legal issues must I consider?

Surrogacy is the process by which a child is carried through pregnancy by a woman who has entered into an arrangement that the child and parental responsibility for it will be transferred to another person(s) at birth. Surrogacy arrangements are often attractive to heterosexual couples who are experiencing infertility, and same-sex couples.

Whilst surrogacy is legal in the UK, commercial surrogacy is not. No money or benefit must be given or received under the arrangement, other than for expenses.

One of the first issues to consider is whether to enter into a partial or total surrogacy arrangement. Partial surrogacy is the process whereby the surrogate mother is also the child’s biological mother. The child will be biologically related to the father (or sperm donor) and the surrogate mother.

In contrast, total surrogacy is where the woman carrying the child is not biologically related to the child. The embryo is carried by the surrogate and can be created from:

A genetic mother’s egg and genetic father’s (or donor’s) sperm.

A donor egg and genetic father’s sperm.

A donor egg and donor sperm.

Another important issue to consider is where to enter into the surrogacy arrangement. If you choose an international surrogate, it is vital that you seek specialist advice.

The surrogate mother (whether or not biologically related) is treated as the child’s legal mother until the court makes a court order in favour of the commissioning parents. The surrogate mother cannot simply surrender her parental responsibility. If the surrogate mother is married, the husband of the surrogate mother will be treated as the father of the child.

The permanent transfer of legal parenthood and parental responsibility to the commissioning parents can only be brought about by the making of an ‘adoption order’ or a ‘parental order’.

The application for a parental order must be made within six months of the child’s birth. The applicants must be aged at least 18 years old and either be married, in a civil partnership, or in an enduring family relationship (i.e. living together as a couple). Furthermore, at least one of the commissioning parents must have provided the genetic material used to create the embryo. Finally, the surrogate mother (and her husband, if applicable) must give free and unconditional agreement to the order being made.

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